{"id":14729,"date":"2025-09-24T15:45:22","date_gmt":"2025-09-24T13:45:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gastonballiot.fr\/?p=14729"},"modified":"2025-10-05T15:33:19","modified_gmt":"2025-10-05T13:33:19","slug":"initiation-a-la-programmation-en-ecole-et-college","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gastonballiot.fr\/?p=14729","title":{"rendered":"Initiation \u00e0 la programmation en \u00e9cole et coll\u00e8ge"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"moz-text-flowed\" lang=\"x-unicode\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>**&nbsp; &nbsp;r\u00e9cr\u00e9ation scientifique n\u00b06&nbsp; &nbsp;**<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Pour \u00e9crire une application en informatique, un programme, on utilise un langage de programmation. Il enl existe de nombreux.<\/p>\n<p>Pour \u00e9crire un programme on utilise des instructions c&rsquo;est \u00e0 dire des ordres que l&rsquo;on donne \u00e0 la machine.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;ensemble des instructions contenues dans le programme s&rsquo;appelle un algorithme.<\/p>\n<p>Un algorithme c&rsquo;est une recette. Les instructions sont \u00e9crites les unes apr\u00e8s les autres dans un ordre bien pr\u00e9cis avec des r\u00e8gles de structuration.<\/p>\n<p>On utilise \u00e9galement la conditionnelle c&rsquo;est \u00e0 dire le SI&#8230;Alors&#8230;SINON&#8230; ce qui permet d&rsquo;utiliser un test avant d&rsquo;effectuer une instruction.<\/p>\n<p>On peut on peut \u00e9galement r\u00e9p\u00e9ter une s\u00e9quence d&rsquo;instruction un certain nombre de fois ou jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 ce qu&rsquo;une certaine condition soit remplie, c&rsquo;est ce que l&rsquo;onappelle une it\u00e9ration.<\/p>\n<p>Les 3 notions de base pour \u00e9crire un programme sont donc :<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>la s\u00e9quentialit\u00e9 c&rsquo;est \u00e0 dire l&rsquo;ordre des instructions, par exemple ajouter 3 et multiplier par 2 ce n&rsquo;est pas la m\u00eame chose que multipli\u00e9 par 2 puis ajouter 3.<\/li>\n<li>la conditionnelle on peut faire un test, si telles conditions est remplie alors on fait cette s\u00e9quence sinon on en ex\u00e9cute une autre.<\/li>\n<li>la 3e notion c&rsquo;est la r\u00e9p\u00e9tition, l&rsquo;it\u00e9ration.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Un exemple :<\/strong><br \/>\npour tracer un carr\u00e9 on \u00e9crira : r\u00e9p\u00e8te 4 fois ( avance de 100 pixels tourne \u00e0 gauche de 90\u00b0).<\/p>\n<p>Si on veut un ensemble de carr\u00e9s qui pivotent on \u00e9crira : trace un carr\u00e9 puis tourne \u00e0 gauche de 10\u00b0 et on r\u00e9p\u00e9tera cet ensemble 36 fois de fa\u00e7on \u00e0 avoir fait un tour complet.<\/p>\n<p>On aura programm\u00e9 un beau dessin.. Rien qu&rsquo;avec ces quelques instructions on peut s&rsquo;amuser \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser plein de variantes et ainsi comprendre le m\u00e9canisme.<\/p>\n<p>La difficult\u00e9 pour un d\u00e9butant est de respecter la syntaxe qui est tr\u00e8s rigoureuse.&nbsp; Si on fait une faute d&rsquo;orthographe on oublie une virgule ou une ponctuation quelconque alors l&rsquo;application se plante..<br \/>\nOn a invent\u00e9 un langage pour l&rsquo;apprentissage adapt\u00e9 aux enfants dans lequel les instructions sont pr\u00e9\u00e9crites. Il suffit de les assembler comme dans un jeu de lego.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Ce langage de programmation s&rsquo;appelle SCRATCH. Il est gratuit et d&rsquo;utilisation simple.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gastonballiot.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ScratchImage.webp?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"14747\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.gastonballiot.fr\/?attachment_id=14747#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gastonballiot.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ScratchImage.webp?fit=474%2C266&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"474,266\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"ScratchImage\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gastonballiot.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ScratchImage.webp?fit=300%2C168&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gastonballiot.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ScratchImage.webp?fit=474%2C266&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-14747\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gastonballiot.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ScratchImage.webp?resize=474%2C266&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"474\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gastonballiot.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ScratchImage.webp?w=474&amp;ssl=1 474w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gastonballiot.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ScratchImage.webp?resize=300%2C168&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>A l&rsquo;\u00e9cole \u00e9l\u00e9mentaire et au coll\u00e8ge on initie les \u00e9l\u00e8ves au codage et \u00e0 la programmation avec le langage Scratch. Il y a m\u00eame une \u00e9\u00e9preeuve au brevet.<br \/>\nAu lyc\u00e9e on utilise le langage <strong>Python<\/strong>, un vrai langage de programmation,&nbsp; tr\u00e8s puissant et employ\u00e9 pour cr\u00e9er des applications.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Ici une petite vid\u00e9o montrant la construction d&rsquo;un carr\u00e9 avec Scratch<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Scratch - Construire un carr\u00e9\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/iCBhcvh5Ckc\" width=\"648\" height=\"365\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>On trouve de tr\u00e8s nombreux tutoriels sur Internet pour l&rsquo;utilisation de Scratch.<\/p>\n<p>Par exemple<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.collegerenecassincancale.ac-rennes.fr\/spip.php?article113\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.collegerenecassincancale.ac-rennes.fr\/spip.php?article113<\/a><\/p>\n<p>et, toujoues avec des carr\u00e9s :<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Tourne les carr\u00e9s dans Scratch\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8dLGxzNFMSs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">***********************************<\/p>\n<p>Si vous avez envie d&rsquo;essayer Scratch voici un tutoriel avec plein d&rsquo;exemples que j&rsquo;avais cr\u00e9\u00e9 pour des enseignants. Il suffit de suivre la progression, et de jouer..&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/scratchelem.wordpress.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mon site-tutoriel d&rsquo;apprentissage avec Scratch<\/a><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">https:\/\/scratchelem.wordpress.com\/<\/h2>\n<p>Vous y trouverez toute une progression et m\u00eame les exercices donn\u00e9s au brevet des coll\u00e8ges..<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gastonballiot.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/scratchelemEntete.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"14749\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.gastonballiot.fr\/?attachment_id=14749#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gastonballiot.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/scratchelemEntete.jpg?fit=1904%2C309&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1904,309\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"scratchelemEntete\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gastonballiot.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/scratchelemEntete.jpg?fit=300%2C49&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gastonballiot.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/scratchelemEntete.jpg?fit=1024%2C166&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-14749\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gastonballiot.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/scratchelemEntete.jpg?resize=1200%2C195&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"195\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gastonballiot.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/scratchelemEntete.jpg?w=1904&amp;ssl=1 1904w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gastonballiot.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/scratchelemEntete.jpg?resize=300%2C49&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gastonballiot.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/scratchelemEntete.jpg?resize=1024%2C166&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gastonballiot.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/scratchelemEntete.jpg?resize=768%2C125&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gastonballiot.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/scratchelemEntete.jpg?resize=1536%2C249&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gastonballiot.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/scratchelemEntete.jpg?resize=1320%2C214&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>**&nbsp; &nbsp;r\u00e9cr\u00e9ation scientifique n\u00b06&nbsp; &nbsp;** Pour \u00e9crire une application en informatique, un programme, on utilise un langage de programmation. Il enl existe de nombreux. Pour \u00e9crire un programme on utilise des instructions c&rsquo;est \u00e0 dire des ordres que l&rsquo;on donne \u00e0 la machine. L&rsquo;ensemble des instructions contenues dans le programme s&rsquo;appelle un algorithme. Un algorithme c&rsquo;est une recette. Les instructions sont \u00e9crites les unes apr\u00e8s les autres dans un ordre bien pr\u00e9cis avec des r\u00e8gles de structuration. On utilise \u00e9galement la &#8230; <a title=\"Initiation \u00e0 la programmation en \u00e9cole et coll\u00e8ge\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gastonballiot.fr\/?p=14729\" aria-label=\"Plus sur Initiation \u00e0 la programmation en \u00e9cole et coll\u00e8ge\">Lire la suite&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[2,662],"tags":[653,627,677,678],"class_list":["post-14729","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-recreation-scientifique","tag-algorithme","tag-informatique","tag-programmation","tag-scratch","infinite-scroll-item","masonry-post","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Initiation \u00e0 la programmation en \u00e9cole et coll\u00e8ge - Le blog politique de Gaston<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gastonballiot.fr\/?p=14729\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Initiation \u00e0 la programmation en \u00e9cole et coll\u00e8ge - Le blog politique de Gaston\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"**&nbsp; &nbsp;r\u00e9cr\u00e9ation scientifique n\u00b06&nbsp; &nbsp;** Pour \u00e9crire une application en informatique, un programme, on utilise un langage de programmation. Il enl existe de nombreux. Pour \u00e9crire un programme on utilise des instructions c&rsquo;est \u00e0 dire des ordres que l&rsquo;on donne \u00e0 la machine. L&rsquo;ensemble des instructions contenues dans le programme s&rsquo;appelle un algorithme. Un algorithme c&rsquo;est une recette. Les instructions sont \u00e9crites les unes apr\u00e8s les autres dans un ordre bien pr\u00e9cis avec des r\u00e8gles de structuration. On utilise \u00e9galement la ... 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